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Europe after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic...

Europe after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of its classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religious and political structures caused total havoc for over thirty years; and in England, the Presbyterians thought that the English Anglican Church too closely resembled the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was the major cause of the widespread†¦show more content†¦Everything was being destroyed, weather different houses, churches, businesses, and even schools. When the fighting subsided, the economy of France, especially its commerce, was shattered, leaving it vulnerable and extremely weak. Power was one of the most necessary ingredients towards the prospe rity of their governments, and became more important to the countrys well being and future. The thirty years war was yet another example of religious strife in Europe. Rudolf II the ruler of Bohemia tolerated Protestants in his country, but his successor Ferdinand II did not and pushed the work of the counter reformation. The Bohemians rebelled, and Ferdinand exiled and executed them. They were told to register and sell their property and leave within fourteen days to prevent further trouble and embarrassment. (Dietrich). When the truce between Spain and the Dutch ended, fighting in Germany and the Netherlands resumed. Ferdinand then issued the Edict of Nantes (which he would later suspend due to opposition by nobles), which gave Catholics back all their land that the Protestants had taken. France then entered the war, seizing the opportunity to attack their opposing Catholic power, the Hapsburgs. They also attacked Ferdinand. One third of Germanys total population was killed, but this was not theShow MoreRelatedCounter Reformation And The Counter Reformation849 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic Encyclopedia published an article about Catholic Reformation, and it wrote that â€Å"Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was bothRead MoreThe Catholic Reformation And The Jewish Torah1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Catholic Reformation. However, whether this reformation can be simply called the Catholic Reformation is a question that needs to be adressed. The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter Reformation, was the period of Catholic revival that began with the Council of Trent and ended at the close of the Thirty Years War. The Counter Reformation was initiated in response t o the Protestant Reformation. I believe that the Catholic Reformation would be better described as the Counter ReformationRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious movement that took place in the Western church. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effect, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Without the changes caused by the Renaissance during the fifteenth century, the Reformation would not have been possible (Haigh). Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII challenged the Catholic churchRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Why the Protestant Reformation is considered a significant development in the Christian Church. The Protestant Reformation was an event which occurred within the Catholic Church during the 16th century. This Reformation was prompted by Martin Luther’s ‘95 theses’ which were a list of 95 criticisms towards the church. The Reformation formed another branch of Christianity called Protestantism which is comprised of many different Christian denominations including AnglicanRead MoreThe Decline Of The Protestant Reformation1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Protestant Reformation was a religious act in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of many new churches. It effected spiritual thought, philosophy, political work, and the economies of several countries all around the world. The effects of the Reformation can still be felt in modern times. Stimulated by a devout and renowned German Monk, Martin Luther, this reformation sent shockwaves throughout Europe and played a significantRead MoreChanges Brought on By the Renaissance Period Essay534 Words   |  3 Pagescentury Europe was a time of religious and social change. It was a time of new art, architecture, and literature through the Renaissance and new discoveries through the scientific revolution. The 16th century also brought about great change in religion through the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation of the 16th century greatly changed individual freedoms, indivi dual liberties, and the influence of religion. The start of the Protestant ReformationRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Words   |  4 Pageswhat his works taught. The Protestant Reformation was a movement during the 16th century, which aimed to reform some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was led by a German monk named Martin Luther and was further modified by John Calvin, a French theologian and Henry VIII, the king of England. The ideas bought forward by these individuals started the Protestant Reformation, which triggered wars, prosecutions and the Counter-Reformation. Martin Luther was responsibleRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that disintegrated Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that differ from Catholic Church and in future triggered wars and fights and persecutions. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, Thomas Muntzer, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s practices, such as â€Å"indulgence† and â€Å"enoughRead MoreThe Art Of Reformation By Martin Luther985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Reformation The year 1517 is claimed by Christianity to be the original spark of a reformation that changed the face of the most prevalent religion in the western world, beginning in Germany and soon enveloping the known world in an upheaval of beliefs and values. However, due to the fact that Protestant faiths became their own religious, social and political powers, the correct term for this movement would not be ‘reformation’ but in fact ‘revolution’. The so-called Protestant Reformation’sRead MoreCatholic Reformation Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesa new sect of Christianity. This process was not calm or peaceful in the slightest. Protestant leaders like Martin Luther and John Calvin fiercely attacked and denied traditional Catholic beliefs, causing much controversy and debate upon religion. Many regions of Europe as a whole were converted to Protestantism, and many more Protestants emerged in areas where Catholicism remained the state religion. The Catholic faith became less and less appealing to people as the abuses of the clergy were now

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck Essay Example For Students

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck Essay The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck is considered a classic novel by many inthe literary field. The trials and tribulations of the Joad family and othermigrants is told throughout this novel. In order to gain a perspective into thelives of Oakies, Steinbeck uses themes and language of the troublingtimes of the Great Depression. Some of these aspects are critiqued because oftheir vulgarity and adult nature. In some places, The Grapes of Wrath has beenedited or banned. These challenges undermine Steinbecks attempts to add realityto the novel and are unjustified. In 1939, The Grapes of Wrath was published andcame under fire for its content. Vulgarity and the misrepresentation of apreacher were the main complaints that led to the ban and burning of the novelfrom St. Louis, Missouri libraries in September 1939. Vulgarity may be prevalentin the book, but it has its purpose. Steinbeck used some vulgar terms toaccurately represent the lingo and slang that was used by the people of the1930s . Most of the terms that were considered vulgar may be a bit distasteful,but is nothing that is not heard on the streets today. Extreme profanity is notextraneous in the novel, in fact, it is tame compared to slang terms used today. Casy, the former preacher that was traveling with the Joads, is not be given theconnotation as the most holy man. Casy did not consider himself a minister atthe time The Grapes of Wrath takes place. But I aint a preacher nomore is spoken many times by Casy in denial that he is a man of the cloth. Indeed, Casy is brutally killed in the novel, but it does not go into graphic,violent detail. Once again, Casys feelings against the employers and governmentwere common to the time and were used to state that idea. Another point ofcontroversy lies on The Grapes of Wraths closing sequence. In this finale, anold man nurses from Rose of Sharon, a young women whose baby was deliveredstillborn. Some believe this is pornographic, sexually oriented, and improper,especially for young children. In fact in some states, the sequence is takenout. This sequence may be a vulgar, but it is an essential element to the noveland is in no way pornographic. It shows the desperation of the migrants to doanything to survive, no matter what the implications may entail. Those who aremissing this ending, such as those who read editions in Texas, are missing thisimportant element of The Grapes of Wrath. These readers may never fullyunderstand the lives of migrants in the 1930s . The novel may have some adultc ontent, but it was never meant to be read by young children. The targetaudience, ages over 14, can look beyond the visual picture and fully ascertainthe sections deeper meaning. Others may critique Steinbecks use of socialisticand anti-government messages. During the 1930s, these ideas were very common. In fact, Upton Sinclair, a socialist writer, was nearly elected governor ofCalifornia. Living conditions, the opposition between the Californians and theOakies, and the inability to break out of the depression all addedto beliefs of the times. Steinbeck was not advocating socialism, he was justreflecting the times. Without these individual beliefs of the redsand other people that showed either socialistic or anti-establishment messages,the reader would get a dry, unfulfilled perspective of the lives of peopleduring the Great Depression. Censorship does have its place in society. Thereare many things that are too risquà ©, degrading, and should not be shown. .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .postImageUrl , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:hover , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:visited , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:active { border:0!important; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:active , .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5 .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ae2d9210c15a414a7e8713296c801a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The red pony EssayPornography, extreme sexual content, and extreme gratuitous violence does nothave its place in literature or in society. The Grapes of Wrath does not haveany of these above aspects. Of those who choose to ban this book and other worksof literature with questionable themes, many of them are wrapped up in politicalcorrectness. In literature, life should be shown like they it is, not as someonewould like it to be. As much as political correctness advocates would like tochange things for the better, they cannot change the past no matter how hardthey try.